There are many reasons for the wear of the guide rail surface of the bed, which can be summarized as follows:
1. When the sliding plate moves on the guide rail surface of the bed, relative sliding occurs between the two surfaces. As fine iron filings fall between the sliding surfaces, "abrasive wear" occurs;
2. When bearing a large cutting load, the surface of the guide rail is stuck and then cut off, causing "adhesive wear";
3. Use lubricants with acidic or corrosive components, cutting fluids or the corrosive atmosphere of the working environment to cause "corrosive wear";
4. The rail surface is hit by a heavy object, causing "local damage".
Because the wear of the guide rail surface is affected, the geometric accuracy items that cannot meet the working requirements have the following aspects:
1) The straightness accuracy of the carriage movement in the vertical plane and the horizontal plane;
2) The parallelism accuracy of the carriage movement to the spindle axis of the spindle box;
3) The parallelism accuracy of the long lead screw (including the smooth rod) to the bed guide rail;
4) The relative position of the slide (slide box), the feed box and the bracket changes, and the transmission is unstable.
In terms of the machining accuracy of ordinary lathes, most of the errors of the machining parts that are usually reflected are also related to the poor geometric accuracy of the bed guide.
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